Effect of Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals Supplementation on SOD, GPX, and CAT Induced Acute Ischaemic Stroke Albino Rats
Dauda E. *
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Chemical Pathology Unit, Taraba State Specialist Hospital Jalingo, Nigeria.
Usman W.
Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Yeldu M.H.
Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Aminu I.
Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Nasiru S.
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. Nigeria.
Bulama I.
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Abubakar B.H.
Drugs and Medical Supplies Management Agency, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Samaila B.
Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Stroke and its complications are major health problems in developing countries including Nigeria. Stroke, a reduction in blood flow to the brain, is caused by blockage in a cerebral artery by a clot or embolus (ischaemic stroke IS) or rupture of the blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Ischemic stroke causes substantial disability, consumption of resources and death. Whenever there is an increased in free radical (reactive oxygen species ROS or reactive nitrogen species RNS) which occurs during ischemic stroke overwhelmed antioxidant leading to oxidative stress. Treatment using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator –rtPA is prohibitively expensive and not routinely stoke by pharmaceutical outlets but Aspirin, and antioxidant vitamins and minerals are relatively cheap and available.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of antioxidant vitamins and minerals supplementation on MDA, SOD, GPX, and CAT induced acute ischaemic stroke albino rats.
Methodology: The study evaluated the effects of antioxidant vitamins and minerals supplementation on SOD, GPX, and CAT induced acute ischaemic stroke albino rats. Forty albino rats of both sexes were randomly divided into eight groups of five rats each. First group non acute ischaemic stroke rats served as control, while the second group received conventional treatment (CT) of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) of Aspirin 75mg/kg, the third received conventional treatment of Aspirin with recommended daily allowance (RDA) antioxidant minerals (Zn(15mg/kg), Cu(2mg/kg), and Se(60ug/kg), the fourth group received conventional treatment of Aspirin with recommended daily allowance of antioxidant vitamins (A(2500iu/kg), C(60mg/kg), E(12iu/kg) respectively, the fifth group received conventional treatment of Aspirin with 1.5 recommended daily allowance 22.5mg/kg, 4mg/kg, and 90ug/kg, of minerals Zn, Cu, and Se respectively, while group sixth received conventional treatment of Aspirin with 1.5 recommended daily allowance 3750iu, 90mg/kg, 18mg/kg of vitamins A, C, and E respectively, the seventh group received conventional treatment of Aspirin with both recommended daily allowance of antioxidant minerals and vitamins while eighth group received conventional treatment of Aspirin with both 1.5 minerals and 1.5 vitamins. The oral administration starts immediately when the rat recovered from anaesthesia of Middle cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) within 4 hours and continues daily for 14 days. On the last day, the rats were anaesthetized, and blood sample was collected for biochemical analysis.
Results: The results showed a remarkable increased in MDA in all the groups when compared with the control group indicating the possibility an increased in the production of ROS and free radicals produced after induction of the ischemic stroke. This led to depletion of the enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GPX. These changes were highest in conventional treatment group of oral administration of Aspirin only and there was significant (p 0.05) decrease in MDA levels in group 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 where oral administration of Aspirin with antioxidant vitamins only, or Aspirin + antioxidant mineral only or Aspirin + combination of antioxidant vitamins and minerals .However, in group 2 the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPX were remarkably reduced below control group because Aspirin (Acetyl salicylic acid ASA), a commonly used pharmaceutical agent, even at therapeutic doses couple with ischaemic stroke can induce oxidative stress, decreases the levels of SOD, GPX, and CAT and increases ROS, which occur together with mitochondrial dysfunction.
A significant (p<0.05) increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes was observed in all treatment groups in treatment dose manner.
Conclusion: The study suggest that vitamins A, C, and E, in combination (as antioxidants vitamins), minerals Zn, Cu, and Se in combination (as antioxidants minerals) or combinations of vitamins and minerals ameliorate oxidative markers in a concentration dependent manner and confirmed the relevance of antioxidants in management of ischaemic stroke.
Keywords: Acute, ischaemic, stroke, antioxidant vitamins and minerals, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), albino rats